INTRODUCTION

The lacking of visual perception due to the physiological or neurological factors is known as blindness and the lack of visual perception is paralleled by a loss of independence. According to the world health report, about 314 million people are visually impaired; among them, 45 million are blind. This means approximately 45 million people are depended on other humans for movement, information processing and environmental interpretation due to the blindness [1, 2].

In today’s society of social independence, the visually impaired, like everyone else deserve independence. They require assistive devices for navigating, for reading signs and text to be independent. In particular, outdoor and indoor navigation has always been a challenging problem for their mobility. This navigation concern restricts the visually impaired right access to many buildings, precludes their use of public transit and makes their integration into local communities difficult [3].

Thus in order to overcome navigation concerns of visually impaired, there is a significant need for a new assisted navigation system to help the blind people in the visualization of environment at an ease.